День 3: Advanced Passive Voice + Topic: Global Issues

Категория: B2-C1

? Цели:

Освоить продвинутые конструкции пассивного залога (времена, модальные глаголы, безличные структуры)
Расширить словарный запас на тему глобальных проблем
Прочитать и проанализировать аналитический текст
Написать аргументированное мнение

? Грамматика: Advanced Passive Voice (Пассивный залог)

? Когда и зачем используется:

Фокус на действии, а не на том, кто его совершил:
- The new law was passed last year.
Когда исполнитель неизвестен или неважен:
- Global warming is being caused by human activity.
Официальный, научный или формальный стиль:
- It is believed that pollution levels are increasing.

? Формы пассивного залога по временам:

Время	Активный залог	Пассивный залог
Present Simple	They build houses.	Houses are built.
Present Continuous	They are building a road.	A road is being built.
Present Perfect	They have built a school.	A school has been built.
Past Simple	They closed the factory.	The factory was closed.
Past Continuous	They were repairing the car.	The car was being repaired.
Future Simple	They will sign the contract.	The contract will be signed.
Modal verbs	They should protect forests.	Forests should be protected.

? Особые случаи:

? It is said / believed / thought (that...)

It is believed that climate change is accelerating.
Climate change is believed to be accelerating.

? Passive with two objects:

They gave her a scholarship. → She was given a scholarship. / A scholarship was given to her.

✅ Упражнение (на перевод):

Говорят, что цены на топливо будут расти.
→ It is said that fuel prices will increase.
Лес был вырублен за одну неделю.
→ The forest was cut down in one week.
Этот проект должен быть завершён к пятнице.
→ This project should be completed by Friday.

? Лексика: Global Issues (Глобальные проблемы)

Слово / Фраза	Перевод
climate change	изменение климата
global warming	глобальное потепление
pollution	загрязнение
deforestation	вырубка лесов
overpopulation	перенаселение
famine	голод
poverty	бедность
inequality	неравенство
human rights	права человека
refugees	беженцы
renewable energy	возобновляемая энергия
carbon footprint	углеродный след
sustainable development	устойчивое развитие
greenhouse gases	парниковые газы
natural disaster	природная катастрофа
rising sea levels	повышение уровня моря
endangered species	исчезающие виды
public awareness	осведомлённость населения
environmental protection	защита окружающей среды

? Чтение: Analytical article (excerpt)

? Environmental protection has become a global concern. Governments are being urged to take stronger action against climate change. It is estimated that temperatures could rise by 2 degrees Celsius in the next few decades. Fossil fuels are being replaced with renewable sources, but not fast enough. Public awareness campaigns are being launched to inform citizens about their carbon footprint. However, more drastic measures need to be taken.

Вопросы на понимание:

What are governments being urged to do?
What is being estimated about global temperatures?
What actions are being taken to increase awareness?

✍️ Writing task: Opinion paragraph

Тема: Should developed countries do more to fight climate change?
Инструкция: Напиши 120–150 слов, используй пассивный залог, формальные выражения и словарь по теме.

?️ Устная практика / Speaking

What is being done in your country to protect the environment?
Do you think public awareness is enough to solve global issues?
What global problem do you consider most urgent?